[Influence of ethylbenzene on oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat renal epithelial cells NRK-52e].

OBJECTIVE: To study the oxidative damage and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52e cell line) induced by ethylbenzene. METHODS: NRK-52e cells were exposed to 30, 60, 90, 120 µmol/L ethylbenzene for 24 hours. Cell viability were measured using MTT, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were detected respectively. PI fluorescent staining assay was applied to detect percentage of apoptosis in ethylbenzene-treated groups. RESULTS: Compared with control group, cell outline became clear, cell diopter increased, cell became smaller and shrinkage, some cells broke in 60 µmol/L ethylbenzene-treated group. Plenty of cells died, suspension cells increased significantly in 90 µmol/L ethylbenzene-treated group. Compared with control group, cell viability the activities of SOD and CAT and the content of GSH were significantly decreased in 60 and 90 µmol/L ethylbenzene-treated groups (P<0.05). The MDA content were remarkably elevated in 90 µmol/L ethylbenzene-treated groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ethylbenzene can induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in NRK-52e cells (P<0.05).

[Detecting 2-butoxy ethanol in the air of workplaces by gas chromatography].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a gas chromatographic method for detecting 2-butoxy ethanol in the air of workplaces. METHODS: After the air samples were collected with activated carbon tubes and desorbed with methylene chloride/methanol, the target toxicant was separated with FFAP capillary columns and detected with flame ionization detector, qualified by retention time and quantified by peak area. RESULTS: The linear range of 2-butoxy ethanol in air of workplace was 56.3 ∼ 901.0 µg/ml, the correlation coefficient was 09999. The limit of detection was 2.0 µg/ml. The limit of quantity was 5.0 µg/ml. The minimal detecting concentration was 0.27 mg/m(3) in the condition of 7.5L sampling volume and 1ml desorbed volume. Relative standard deviation was 3.04% ∼ 7.93% and the recovery was 92.7% ∼ 95.5%. CONCLUSION: In present study the detecting method with high sensitivity, precision and accuracy can be used to determine 2-butoxy ethanol in the air of workplaces.

[Determination of phosphorus oxychloride in the air of workplace by ion chromatography].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a ion chromatography method for determination of phosphorus oxychloride in the air of workplace. METHOD: The phosphorus oxychloride in the air of workplace was collected by absorb liquid and turned into hydrochloric acid, then separated in column and detected with conductivity detector, qualified by elution time and quantified by peak height or peak area. RESULTS: The linear range of phosphorus oxychloride in air of workplace was 0.72 ∼ 5.76 µg/ml with its correlation coefficient 0.9999. The detecting limit of the method was 0.12 µg/ml. The smallest detecting concentration of the method was 0.08 mg/m(3) for 15 L sampling air. Relative standard deviation was 3.3% ∼ 6.2% and the recovery was 97.8% ∼ 103.8%. The sample could be resaved at room temperature at least for seven days. CONCLUSION: The indicators of the method correspond GBZ/T 210.4-2008«Guide for establishing occupational health standards-Part 4: Determination methods of air chemicals in workplace¼. It is a good method to determine phosphorus oxychloride in the air of workplace.

[Evaluating the uncertainty in urinary fluoride measurement by ion selective electrode method].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the uncertainty of measurement result of urinary fluoride and to provide quality assurance for determinations. METHOD: The investigation was conducted, according with principles and methods for uncertainty evaluation. RESULTS: The uncertainty of the combined standard of present method was 2.86 %. For the sample containing 4.47 mg/L urinary fluoride, the expanded uncertainty was 0.26 mg/L. CONCLUSION: The uncertainty of the present method was mainly from the sample repeatability, the preparation of standard solution, the linearity of the calibration curve and instruments and so on.

Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating.

Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L(L) and Festuca arundinacea L(F) to Cr reached 9.45 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production (ANP) of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg.